Caloric engine.



L. KESSLER.

GALORIG ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 8, 1911. 1,044,536..

Patented Nov. 19, 1912.

L. KESSLBR.

CALOBIG ENGINE.

APrLIoATIoH I'ILED PEB. 1911.

Patented Nov'. 19, 1912.

2 ASHEETSr-SHHI'IT 2.I

1b all 'wl'wmfit may concern:

A UNITED sTATEs PATENT oFFioE.

LOUIS KEBSLER, F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CALORIC ENGINE.

u Specification of Letters Patent. ,Application med ramal-y 8.1911. serial No. 007,380.

w Patented Nov. 19, 1912.

'i l ne a known their, meeneem, s cieaen 'of the-United States, residing at Clucago, in the county of @ook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and 'useful Improvements in Calorie Engines, of

which t e following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements .in thermo-pneumatic motors, and has for its objects the simplication of both the structure andv operation of such a motor so that it will be eflicient in operation, and may be economically manufactured. l. attain'these objects by the mechanism illustrated 1n the accompanying drawing, 1n which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of my motor; Fig. 2 is a plan thereof; Fig. 3 isa vertical, central, longitudinal section; Fig. d 1s a central section of the valve easing enlar` ed, and Fig. 5 is a view showing manner o attaching the connecting rod. v

Similar reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

lhemotor is mounted on a convenlent base, 1, of suitable size, longitudinally of which are bolted parallel brackets, 2, which are braced by suitable cross bars or bolts, 3, and have extending vertically from each end and approximately the center, risers 5, 11 and 12. The tops of the right hand'or rear pair of risers, 5, are provided with suitable alining bearings, t, for the 'ends of a crank shaft, 7. The crank of the crank shaft is disposed between the bearings, 6, and upon the ends of the shaft which extend beyond each bearing are mounted fly.

wheels, 8. A grooved pulley, 9, is, mounted upon the shaft, 7, outside one of the dy wheels, and a crank bolt, 10, projects laterally from the hub of the opposite Hy wheel for purposes toY be described hereinafter.

Mounted between` the intermediate and front risers,"'11 and"'l2, and supported thereby,is a cylinder, 13, having radiating cooling flanges 14e, extending therefrom. lv-piston, 15, having a bore 17 extending longitudinally thereof, is mounted in said cylinder, 13, and is connected with the crank,l 7,' by a yoked or bifurcated connecting` rod, 16, the two arms of which are pivoted to the rear or outer end ofthe pistonupon each side of the center thereof. Alining bearings 18 are y provided inthe brackets,.2, betweenthe risers, 5 and 11', in which is mounted a rocker shaft,`19. From the outer end of this rockershaft, extends upwardly au am,

21, the upper end of which is connected by a link 22,'with the crank bolt, 10, of the left-hand ily wheel. A suitable oil cup, 23, is located u on the cylinder near the inner end thereof for lubricating 'the piston 15 through a suitable oil-passage in the walls of the cylinder. v

To the head or rear end of the cylinder, 13, is secured a tube, 24C, the interior of which is practically a-continuation of the inner Walls of the cylinder 13, having, howeyer, a bore slightly greater in cross dialneter than the corresponding bore of the cylinder 13. The out-er end of-.the tube, 24, is closed by a suitable cap plate, 24a, from which, along the axis of the tube, extends a rod 25, one end of which is fixed in the cap, 2da.` Mounted within the remote end of the tube, 24, is an annular collar, 4, the bore of which is of the same diameter as the bore of the cylinder 13. Mounted to slide upon the rod, 25, is a closed hollow cylindrical plunger, 26, which is of slightly smaller cross diameterthan the bore of the tube, 24, and has a central chamber, 27, extending from its outer end to a point near its inner end, for the reception of the rod, 25. The cross diameter of the plunger, 26, is such as to leave but a small clearance between it and the inner 'Walls of the cylinder, 13, and collar, 4. From the inner or rear end of the cylindrical plunger, `26, a rod, 28, extends through the bore in the piston, l5, and into the rear end of said rod, is screwed a nut, 29, the outer end of which has pivotally connected therewith one end of a link, 30, the other end `of which is pivoted tothe upper end of the arm, 20, which is fixed upon the rocker shaft, 19, which latter connects, as before described, with the crank shaft, 7. through the arm, 21, link, 22, and left hand .dy wheel, 8. The arm, 20. und link. 30, move 'between the bifurcated or yoked portion of the connecting rod, 16. A passage. 31, leads from the forward portion of the cylinder, 13, through the cylinder wall, and -to the outer end of this passage is secured a tubular valve casing, 32, in the lower end of I a suitable lamp or furnace, 36. A. tube, 37,

running from the casing, 32, above the outlet valve, 34, to the furnace, 36, utilizes such exhaust as there is to force the draft of the beyond the colla-r, 4, in which case 'I do not supply any inlet valve in the cylinder, 13.-

The connection of the piston, 15, with the crank shaft, 7, and the plunger, 26, with the arms, 20 and 21,`link, 22, and left hand ily wheel is suchl that the plunger, 26, precedes the piston, 15, of the shaft, or has a lead of half of the distance through which said Aplunger reciprocates, and the plunger is so proportioned as to lengt-h that the paths of reciproc-ation of the piston and plunger coincide through half their extent and the plunger comes closely adjacent to the piston at the end of its inward stroke.

It will now be seen that when the piston 15 has proceeded half of its outward stroke, the plunger, 26, has reached the outer or remote end of the tube 24, and has entered the collar, 4. As the piston completes its outward movement the plunger travels backwardly one half its stroke, and in doing so, the air passes from the piston and the rear end of the tube, between the cylinder and the inner wall of the tube, where is is brought in contact in a thin layer with the heated walls of the tube surrounded by the furnace. By the time the piston, 15, is in position to return, suiicient air has been heated and expanded in the tube 24 to develop a pressure whichv operates upon the piston to drive itA upon its return or expansion stroke.

Vhen the expansion stroke of the piston is completed, the1 plunger has completed its journey toward the cylinder and has already moved half of its journey toward the outer or hot end of the tube, which has caused the heated air to be forced in a thin layer through the constructed space between it` and the outer walls of the tube, into the cylinder. This causes a contraction of the air which reduces its pressure below the pressure of the atmosphere thereby producing a vacuum between the inner ends of piston and plunger and permitting the atmospheric pressure to operate with full force upon the outer end of the piston and to force it toward the outer end of theVv cylinder. v

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A thermo pneumatic motor comprising av cylinder having coolin flanges extending therefrom, a tube of slightly larger bore than the cylinder extending from one end of the latter, said tube being constructed by a quarter of a turnl with thin walls so as to be readily heated, a vpiston mounted in said' cylinder, a plunger mounted in said tube, and having la crossdiameter slightly less than the bore of the tube, means for synchronizing said piston and said plunger whereby said plunger comes closely ,adjacent to said piston during part of their stroke and follows same, during part of the expansion stroke of said piston. A

2. Athermo pneumatic motor comprising a cylinder, a\ tube connected with the outer end of said cylinder, a piston mounted in one end of said cylinder, a plunger mounted in the other end of the cylinder and in said tube, a crank shaft, means for coupling said .piston and said plunger to said shaft so as the paths of reciprocation of said partially coincide, and said plunger to and follow sait;

to cause. plunger and piston to for part of their strokes, come closely adjacent to piston through said coinciding portions their paths durlng the first part ofthe expansion stroke. l

3. Athermo pneumatic motor comprising a cylinder, a tube of slightly larger bore than the cylinder and connected to and alining with said cylinder, a piston mounted in said cylinder, said piston having a. central passage therein, a plunger mounted in front of said piston, a rod extending from said plunger slidably through said piston passage, a crank shaft, a yoked connecting rod between saidy piston and said shaft, a rocker shaft, arms carried thereby, links connecting said arms respectively with said crank shaft and said' plunger rod, said rods and said plunger being so proportioned as to cause the path of reciprocation of said plunger to extend into said cylinder, and said plunger to come closely adjacent to and follow said piston through the yfirst half of the expansion stroke.

4. A thermo pneumatic motor comprising a cylinder, bore connected thereto and alming therewith, a portion of said tube being constricted near its remote end, a piston mounted in said cylinder, a plunger mounted in said tube, a cam shaft, means for connecting said piston and plunger to said shaft so as to synchronize their action and cause thel path of reciprocation of said plunger to extend into said cylinder at one end and into said constricted area at the other, and means for heating the remote end of said tube.

5. In a thermo pneumatic motor, the combination of a piston, a plunger, a crank shaft, a cylinder, a tube connected thereto 'and alining therewith of slightly larger bore .than said plunger, guide means mounted an air tube of slightlylarger` clprocation extends into said cylinder at one end and into the aree of reduced bore at the other.

6. In a. thermo-pneumatic motor, comprising e cylinder, e tube connected and communicating with said cylinder and having a. bore slightly greater than the bore of the cylinder, a piston mounted in said cylinder, e plunger mounted to reciprocate in said cylinder and tube, the diameter of said plunger corresponding to the bore of said cylinder, means for driving said piston and plunger whereby they will approach each other, follow each other, and move in opposite directions,y during di'ferent periods in their respective strokes, a valve communicating With said cylinder, a lamp adapted to supply' heat to the exterior of said tube and piping leading from said valve to said lamp for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I afhx my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

LUUIS KESSLER.

Witnesses: l

H. DE Los HIGMAN, CHAS. F. BASSETT. 

